S235J0 is a widely used, non-alloy structural steel grade (EN 10025-2) known for its good weldability, toughness, and cost-effectiveness, offering a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at 0°C (27 Joules), making it suitable for general construction, bridges, machinery, and moderate cold-service applications where low-temperature performance is needed.
Key Characteristics
Grade: S235J0 (also known as 1.0114).
Standard: EN 10025-2 (European Standard for non-alloy structural steels).
Strength: Minimum yield strength of 235 MPa (for thicknesses up to 16 mm) and tensile strength of 360-510 MPa.
Toughness: Tested to provide 27 Joules of impact energy at 0°C (the "J0" signifies this).
Composition: Low carbon content, making it easy to weld and form.
Applications
Buildings and general construction.
Bridges and structural engineering.
Machinery and heavy steel structures.
Containers designed for cold or seawater environments.
Supply Conditions
Typically supplied as hot-rolled, often in normalized or controlled rolled conditions.
Chemical Composition
| Chemical Composition, % (≤) | |||||||||
| Standard | Steel | Steel name (Steel number) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | N |
| EN 10025-2 | S235 | S235J0 (1.0114) | 0.17 | – | 1.40 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.55 | 0.012 |
Mechanical Properties
| Yield Strength (≥ N/mm2); Dia. (d) mm | ||||||||
| Steel | Steel name (Steel number) | d≤16 | 16< d ≤40 | 40< d ≤60 | 60< d ≤100 | 100< d ≤150 | 150< d ≤200 | 200< d ≤250 |
| S235 | S235J0 (1.0114) | 235 | 225 | 215 | 215 | 195 | 185 | 175 |
| Tensile Strength (≥ N/mm2) | |||||
| Steel | Steel name (Steel number) | d<3 | 3 ≤ d ≤ 100 | 100 < d ≤ 150 | 150 < d ≤ 250 |
| S235 | S235J0 (1.0114) | 360-510 | 360-510 | 350-500 | 340-490 |
Mechanical Properties of S235J0 Steel
Yield Strength (ReH): Minimum 235 MPa (for nominal thickness ≤ 16 mm). This value decreases for thicker sections (e.g., ≥ 225 MPa for >40 mm to 63 mm).
Tensile Strength (Rm): 360 MPa to 510 MPa.
Minimum Elongation (A₅): Varies by thickness, typically ≥ 26% (for longitudinal strip test pieces).
Impact Toughness (KV): Minimum 27 Joules at a test temperature of 0°C (this is the defining "J0" property).
Chemical Composition (Typical Max Values, % by weight)
Carbon (C): 0.17%
Manganese (Mn): 1.40%
Phosphorus (P): 0.035%
Sulfur (S): 0.035%
Silicon (Si): Typically ≤ 0.035% (from residual deoxidation; not a specified requirement for this grade).
Key Physical & Technological Properties
Density: ~7.85 g/cm³
Modulus of Elasticity: ~210 GPa
Weldability: Good. Can be welded by all common methods (SMAW, MAG/MIG, SAW). Preheating is generally not required for thin-to-moderate sections under normal conditions.
Machinability: Good, typical of low-carbon steels.
Formability: Good for bending, rolling, and shaping at room temperature.
Corrosion Resistance: Low (non-alloy steel). Requires protective coatings (paint, galvanizing) for outdoor use.
Summary of Defining Characteristics
S235J0 is a non-alloy, normalized structural steel defined by the EN 10025-2 standard. Its core identity is the combination of:
235 MPa minimum yield strength.
Guaranteed impact toughness at 0°C.
Good weldability and formability.
This specific property profile makes it a preferred choice over the standard S235JR grade for structural components exposed to cooler temperatures where a safety margin against brittle fracture is required.
1. What is S235J0 steel?
S235J0 is a non-alloy structural steel grade according to EN 10025-2, with a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at 0°C.
2. What is the difference between S235JR and S235J0?
The key difference is the impact test temperature: S235JR is tested at +20°C, while S235J0 is tested at 0°C, making it suitable for colder environments.
3. What is the chemical composition of S235J0?
Its typical composition includes max 0.17% Carbon, max 1.40% Manganese, and lower maximums for phosphorus and sulfur compared to some grades.
4. What is the yield strength of S235J0?
The minimum yield strength of S235J0 is 235 MPa for thicknesses up to 16 mm, decreasing slightly for thicker sections as per the standard.
5. What does the 'J0' mean in S235J0?
The 'J0' indicates the steel is Charpy V-notch impact tested at 0°C with a minimum absorbed energy of 27 Joules.
6. Is S235J0 equivalent to ASTM A36?
S235J0 is similar to A36 in strength but is not a direct equivalent due to different standards and its specific low-temperature impact requirement.
7. Can S235J0 be welded?
Yes, S235J0 has good weldability using common methods like SMAW, MIG, and MAG, though pre-heating may be advised for thick sections or in cold conditions.
8. What is S235J0 used for?
It is used in structural applications exposed to colder temperatures, such as outdoor bridges, building frames, supports, and machinery in temperate climates.
9. Is S235J0 corrosion resistant?
No, S235J0 is not corrosion-resistant. It requires protective coatings like paint or galvanization for outdoor or exposed applications.
10. What is the density of S235J0 steel?
The density of S235J0 is approximately 7.85 g/cm³, the same as most common carbon and structural steels.
Full specification and details are available on request. The above information is provided for guidance purposes only. For specific design requirements please contact our technical sales staff.
