S235J2 is a European standard (EN 10025-2) non-alloy structural steel, known for its good weldability, low-temperature toughness (impact tested at -20°C), and minimum yield strength of 235 N/mm², making it suitable for construction, machinery, shipbuilding, and bridges where reliability and formability are key. The 'S' denotes structural steel, '235' its minimum yield strength, and 'J2' indicates the low-temperature impact test at -20°C.
Key Characteristics:
Type: Non-alloy carbon structural steel.
Standard: EN 10025-2 standard.
Strength: Minimum yield strength of 235 MPa (N/mm²).
Toughness: Good impact toughness at -20°C (minimum 27 Joules).
Weldability: Excellent, due to low carbon content.
Applications: Building structures, bridges, freight cars, machinery, offshore platforms, and general engineering.
Composition & Properties:
Low Carbon: Enhances weldability and toughness.
Mechanical Properties: Vary with thickness and heat treatment, but offer good cold-forming properties.
Equivalent: Can be considered equivalent to Chinese grade Q235D.
Variations:
Can come in various finishes like black painted, galvanized, or PE coated.
Also seen as S235J2+N for normalized conditions in pipes.
Chemical Composition
| Chemical Composition % (≤) | |||||||||
| Norm | Steel | Quality grade (Steel number) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cu | N |
| EN 10025-2 | S235 | S235J2 (1.0117) | 0.17 | – | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.55 | – |
S235J2 steel does not have a direct, universally standardized equivalent in other major systems (like ASTM or JIS) because its defining combination of strength (235 MPa yield) and low-temperature toughness (-20°C impact) is specific to European norms. However, it can be functionally matched or substituted based on key properties.
Closest Functional / Spec-Based Equivalents:
| Standard | Potential Equivalent / Match | Key Similarities & Important Differences |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM (USA) | ASTM A709 Grade 36 | Similar yield strength (~250 MPa min), and includes Charpy V-notch requirements at -18°C (close to -20°C). This is the closest match in intent for structural bridge/work. |
| ASTM A36 | Similar yield strength (250 MPa), but standard A36 has NO mandatory impact toughness requirement. Not suitable for low-temperature service without supplemental testing. | |
| EN (Europe) | S235J0 or S235JR | Same strength, but lower impact test temperatures (0°C and +20°C respectively). Not equivalent for cold service. |
| ISO | ISO 630-2 E235B or E235C | Similar strength. ISO "C" designates -20°C impact testing, making it a potential international cross-standard match. |
| JIS (Japan) | SS400 or SM400A/B | Similar strength, but generally no mandatory low-temperature impact properties in standard grades. Not a direct equivalent. |
Critical Consideration for Equivalency:
The "J2" (-20°C impact toughness) is the critical differentiator. True equivalence requires matching both:
Minimum Yield Strength: ~235 MPa.
Guaranteed Impact Toughness: Minimum 27 J at -20°C.
Summary of Best Matches:
For general structural use without low-temperature mandates: ASTM A36 or SS400 may be considered, but they are not equivalent for critical cold-service applications.
For structural applications requiring certified toughness at -20°C: ASTM A709 Grade 36 (for bridges) or ISO E235C are the closest functional matches in other standards.
For design or procurement: Always verify the specific project codes and specification requirements. "Equivalency" must be approved by a qualified engineer, as standards govern testing, marking, and chemical limits differently.
Equivalent Grade
| Carbon Steel S235J2 Equivalent Grade | |||||||||||
| European Union | US | ISO | Japan | China | Indian | ||||||
| Standard | Steel Grade (Steel Number) | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade | Standard | Grade |
| EN 10025-2 | S235J2 (1.0117); S235J2G3; S235J2G4 |
ASTM A36; ASTM A283M |
A36; Grade D |
ISO 630-2 | S235D | JIS G3106 | SM400A | GB/T 700 | Q235D | IS 2062 | E250 |
1. What is S235J2 steel?
S235J2 is a non-alloy structural steel grade per EN 10025-2, with a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at -20°C.
2. What does the 'J2' in S235J2 mean?
The 'J2' indicates Charpy V-notch impact testing at -20°C, with a minimum absorbed energy of 27 Joules, ensuring toughness in cold conditions.
3. What is the difference between S235JR and S235J2?
The key difference is the impact test temperature: S235JR is tested at +20°C, while S235J2 is tested at -20°C, making J2 suitable for colder environments.
4. What are the typical applications of S235J2?
It is used in structures exposed to low temperatures, such as outdoor bridges, storage tanks, offshore platforms, and industrial equipment in cold climates.
5. What is the chemical composition of S235J2?
It typically contains max 0.17% C, 1.40% Mn, 0.035% P, 0.035% S, and is killed/fine-grain treated for improved toughness.
6. Is S235J2 weldable?
Yes, S235J2 has good weldability using common methods, but preheating or controlled procedures may be required for thick sections or very cold ambient conditions.
7. What is the yield strength of S235J2?
The minimum yield strength is 235 MPa for thicknesses ≤ 16 mm, decreasing slightly for thicker sections as per EN 10025-2.
8. Is S235J2 equivalent to ASTM A36?
No, while strength is similar, S235J2 includes mandatory low-temperature impact requirements, unlike standard A36, making it a closer match to grades like ASTM A709 Gr. 36.
9. How does S235J2 compare to S355J2?
S355J2 has a higher minimum yield strength (355 MPa) but similar impact toughness at -20°C, making it stronger for cold-weather applications.
10. Is S235J2 corrosion resistant?
No, it is not corrosion-resistant and requires protective coatings (e.g., painting, galvanizing) for outdoor or corrosive environments.
Full specification and details are available on request. The above information is provided for guidance purposes only. For specific design requirements please contact our technical sales staff.
