I-beams use two long flat surfaces, known as flanges, connected by a vertical assembly called a web. The cross-section of the entire component is "I" or "H" shaped. In addition to steel, there are also aluminum alloy, low alloy steel and other beams used for various purposes, such as bridges, building frames, etc.
I-beams are available in various sizes, thicknesses, widths, etc. and are suitable for different purposes. These beams are classified by material and size. For example, a beam that is 12 inches deep and weighs 20 psi is labeled 12x20. Appropriate beam specifications should be selected according to project requirements. When making a decision, the following factors should be taken into consideration:
deflection. Thickness should be sufficient to minimize deflection.
vibration. The selection should be made with the goal of minimizing vibration as much as possible. The stiffness and mass of the beam are important in this regard.
bending. The body should be strong enough to withstand the yield stress. Otherwise bending may occur.
Buckling. Torsional stress causes the I-beam to buckle, causing undesirable consequences. The flange should be selected accordingly.
nervous. Selecting an I-beam with the correct web thickness is critical to preventing corrugation or buckling under tension.
I-beams are designed to bend rather than buckle under high loads. The density of the beam is uneven. The areas where the axial fibers are located have a higher density to balance the highest stress points. Beams with small cross-sectional areas are more desirable because less material is required without affecting the desired shape.
