SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 is a low-alloy Cr-Mo steel plate for pressure vessels, designed for high temperatures with good creep resistance and weldability, widely applied in petrochemical fields.
Equivalents
| BS | EN | ASTM/ASME | DIN |
| 620 B | 13 CRMO 45 | SA387-12-1 | 13 CRMO 44 |
Specifications for ASME SA387 Grade 12 Alloy Steel Plates
| Designation | Nominal Chromium Content (%) |
Nominal Molybdenum Content (%) |
| SA387 Grade 12 | 1.00% | 0.50% |
Tensile Requirements for ASME SA387 Grade 12 Alloy Steel Plates Class 1 Plates
| Designation: | Requirement: | Grade 12 |
| SA387 Grade 12 | Tensile strength, ksi [MPA] | 65 to 85 [450 to 585] |
| Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]/(0.2% offset) | 40 [275] | |
| Elongation in 8 in. [200mm], min % | 19 | |
| Elongation in 2 in. [50mm], min, % | 22 | |
| Reduction of area, min % | ––– |
Chemical Requirements for ASME SA387 Grade 12 Alloy Steel Plates
| Element | Chemical Composition (%) | |
| ASME SA387 Grade 12 | ||
| Carbon: | Heat Analysis: | 0.05 - 0.17 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.04 - 0.17 | |
| Manganese: | Heat Analysis: | 0.40 - 0.65 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.35 - 0.73 | |
| Phosphorus: | Heat Analysis: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Sulphur (max): | Heat Analysis: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Silicon: | Heat Analysis: | 0.15 - 0.40 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.13 - 0.45 | |
| Chromium: | Heat Analysis: | 0.80 - 1.15 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.74 - 1.21 | |
| Molybdenum: | Heat Analysis: | 0.45 - 0.60 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.40 - 0.65 |
Applications
Pressure Vessels and Boilers: Used in reactors, heat exchangers, and other equipment operating under pressure and elevated temperatures.
Refinery and Petrochemical Equipment: Applied in process units where resistance to thermal cycling and creep is essential.
Power Generation Systems: Utilized in components exposed to high-temperature steam and continuous stress.
Oil and Gas Processing: Suitable for vessels and piping in upstream and downstream operations involving heat and pressure.
Advantages
Good High-Temperature Strength: Maintains structural integrity under prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures.
Excellent Creep Resistance: Resists gradual deformation under long-term stress at high temperatures.
Superior Toughness: Offers reliable ductility and impact resistance, reducing the risk of brittle failure.
Good Weldability: Can be readily welded with appropriate procedures, ensuring strong and durable joints.
Stable Mechanical Properties: Consistent performance across a range of operating conditions, enhancing equipment reliability.
processing
Melting and Casting: The steel is produced in electric arc furnaces or other controlled melting processes to achieve the precise chemical composition needed for good strength and high-temperature performance. After refining, the molten steel is cast into ingots or continuously cast into slabs, ensuring a sound, homogeneous structure with minimal impurities.
Hot Rolling: The slabs are reheated and hot rolled into plates of the desired thickness. This process refines the grain structure, improves mechanical properties, and imparts the necessary strength and toughness required for pressure vessel applications.
Heat Treatment (Normalizing and Tempering): Plates are normally normalized at a suitable temperature to refine the microstructure and enhance uniformity. They are then tempered to reduce residual stresses, improve ductility, and optimize the balance between strength and toughness, which is essential for service at elevated temperatures.
Descaling and Conditioning: After rolling, the plates undergo descaling to remove surface oxides. Additional conditioning steps, such as grinding or shot blasting, may be applied to achieve the required surface quality and flatness.
Testing and Inspection: Before shipment, the material is subjected to various tests, including mechanical property evaluations, ultrasonic inspection for internal soundness, and sometimes chemical analysis. These checks ensure that the plates meet the stringent requirements of pressure vessel standards and are suitable for critical applications.
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What surface finishes are available for SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1?
Common finishes: hot-rolled, pickled and oiled (PO), shot-blasted. PO finish removes scale and prevents corrosion during storage.
What is the creep resistance performance of SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1?
It has good creep resistance at high temperatures, minimizing deformation under long-term constant load, crucial for high-temperature pressure vessels.
Can SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 be cold-formed?
Limited cold forming is feasible with preheating to prevent cracking; hot forming at 900-1100°C is preferred for complex shapes.
Is SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 approved for nuclear applications?
It is not for nuclear core components but can be used in non-core auxiliary systems after strict qualification and inspection.
What is the hardness range of SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 after heat treatment?
After PWHT, its Brinell hardness (HB) ranges 170-220, balancing strength and toughness for pressure-containing applications.
Can SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 be used in corrosive environments?
It resists mild corrosion but not severe media. Additional coatings or alloy upgrades are needed for harsh corrosive environments.
What is the shelf life of SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 steel plates?
With proper dry, covered storage, its shelf life is unlimited. Avoid moisture and corrosive atmospheres to prevent rusting.
What are the common applications of SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1?
It is used in pressure vessels, boilers, heat exchangers and piping in petrochemical, refinery and power generation industries for high-temperature fluid handling.
Is SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 weldable?
Yes, it has excellent weldability. Preheating (150-200°C) and post-weld heat treatment are recommended to prevent cracking and enhance toughness.
What is the difference between SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 and SA 387 Grade 22?
Grade 22 has higher Mo (2.25%) for better high-temperature strength; Grade 12 is cost-effective for moderate-temperature services.
Can SA 387 Grade 12 Class 1 be used in cryogenic applications?
No, its minimum service temperature is -29°C. Choose SA 516 Grade 70 for cryogenic use due to lower brittle transition temperature.