SA 387 Grade 22 Class 1 is a high-quality chromium-molybdenum alloy steel plate specified by ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials).
It is specifically designed for use in welded boilers and pressure vessels that operate in high-temperature and high-pressure environments, such as those found in refineries and power plants.
Equivalents for ASME SA387 Grade 22 Alloy Steel Plates
| BS | EN | ASTM/ASME | DIN |
| 622-515B | 10 CRMO910 | SA387-22-1 | 10 CRMO910 |
Specifications for ASME SA387 Grade 22 Alloy Steel Plates
| Designation | Nominal Chromium Content (%) | Nominal Molybdenum Content (%) |
| SA387 Grade 22 | 2.25% | 1.00% |
Tensile Requirements for ASME SA387 Grade 22 Alloy Steel Plates Class 1 Plates
| Designation: | Requirement: | Grade 22 |
| SA387 Grade 22 | Tensile strength, ksi [MPA] | 75 to 100 [515 to 690] |
| Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa]/(0.2% offset) | 45 [310] | |
| Elongation in 8 in. [200mm], min % | ... | |
| Elongation in 2 in. [50mm], min, % | 18 | |
| Reduction of area, min % | 45 (measured on round specimen) 40 (measured on flat specimen) |
Chemical Requirements for ASME SA387 Grade 22 Alloy Steel Plates
| Element | Chemical Composition (%) | |
| SA387 Grade 22 | ||
| Carbon: | Heat Analysis: | 0.05 - 0.15 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.04 - 0.15 | |
| Manganese: | Heat Analysis: | 0.30 - 0.60 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.25 - 0.66 | |
| Phosphorus: | Heat Analysis: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Sulphur (max): | Heat Analysis: | 0.035 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.035 | |
| Silicon: | Heat Analysis: | 0.50 max |
| Product Analysis: | 0.50 max | |
| Chromium: | Heat Analysis: | 2.00 - 2.50 |
| Product Analysis: | 1.88 - 2.62 | |
| Molybdenum: | Heat Analysis: | 0.90 - 1.10 |
| Product Analysis: | 0.85 - 1.15 |
core processing treatments
1. Heat Treatment Process
Heat treatment is critical to achieving the required mechanical properties. The material must undergo one of the following:
Normalizing and Tempering (N+T): The most standard treatment. After normalizing, the material must be tempered at a minimum temperature of 1250°F [675°C].
Annealing: Used to maximize ductility.
Accelerated Cooling: If approved by the purchaser, the steel can be liquid quenched or fan-cooled from the austenitizing temperature, followed by tempering.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT): In fabrication, PWHT is mandatory to reduce residual stress and prevent hydrogen-induced cracking.
2. Mechanical Properties (Class 1)
Class 1 is specified for lower strength but higher ductility compared to Class 2:
Tensile Strength: 60 to 85 ksi [415 to 585 MPa].
Yield Strength: Minimum 30 ksi [205 MPa].
Elongation: Minimum 18% (in 8 in.) or 22% (in 2 in.).
3. Fabrication & Welding
Preheating: Due to the high alloy content, preheating (typically 200°C to 300°C) is required before welding to prevent cold cracking.
Corrosion Resistance: The chromium content provides excellent resistance to oxidation and sulfur corrosion in high-temperature environments.
Step Cooling: In specific petrochemical applications, "Step Cooling" tests may be required to evaluate the material's resistance to temper embrittlement.
applications
1. Oil & Gas and Petrochemical Industries
This is the most common sector for Grade 22 Class 1 due to its superior resistance to hydrogen-induced cracking and sour gas (H₂S) environments.
Hydroprocessing Reactors: Used for hydrocracking and hydrotreating units where equipment must endure high-temperature hydrogen service.
Pressure Vessels: Fabrication of separators, storage tanks, and towers that handle pressurized gases and liquids at temperatures up to 600°C.
Desulfurization Equipment: Components designed to remove sulfur from crude oil and natural gas.
2. Power Generation
Grade 22 Class 1 is utilized for its high creep resistance, ensuring structural integrity under continuous thermal stress.
Industrial Boilers: Used for boiler drums and superheater tubes in thermal power plants.
Heat Exchangers: Critical for efficient heat transfer in high-pressure steam conditions.
Nuclear Power: Manufacturing key equipment like nuclear reactor pressure vessels and liquefied gas tanks.
3. Chemical and Heavy Industrial Processing
Chemical Reactors: Applied in high-pressure reactors and synthesis towers (e.g., methanol synthesis) that resist corrosive chemical processing media.
High-Temperature Piping: Fabrication of high-pressure pipelines, flanges, and high-temperature ducting.
Coal Chemical Industry: Construction of gasifier shells and secondary shift converters exposed to H₂, CO, and H₂S.
4. Specialized Components
Because Class 1 offers better weldability and formability than Class 2, it is often preferred for intricate structural parts:
Ancillary Equipment: Pipe clamps, valves, and liners for bins and tubs.
Custom Fabrications: Flanges and specialized high-temperature fittings used throughout complex industrial systems.
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What are the main chemical components of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1?
Its key components include carbon (≤0.17%), chromium (1.90-2.60%), molybdenum (0.87-1.13%), manganese (0.40-0.65%), silicon (0.15-0.40%), with trace amounts of phosphorus and sulfur.
Can SA387 Grade 22 Class 1 be machined easily?
It has good machinability with proper tools and parameters. Use high-speed steel or carbide tools, and maintain adequate cutting fluid to reduce heat and tool wear.
Can SA387 Grade 22 Class 1 be used in hydrogen service?
Yes, with proper PWHT, it resists hydrogen embrittlement. It is suitable for hydrogen-containing environments in refineries, provided operating temperature and pressure are controlled.
What is the difference between SA387 Grade 22 and Grade 11?
Grade 22 has higher molybdenum content (0.87-1.13% vs 0.45-0.65% for Grade 11), offering better high-temperature strength and creep resistance for more demanding service conditions.
What is the modulus of elasticity of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1?
Its modulus of elasticity is approximately 200 GPa (29 × 10⁶ psi) at room temperature, a key parameter for structural analysis and load-bearing capacity design.
Is SA387 Grade 22 Class 1 weldable?
Yes, it has good weldability. Proper preheating (150-200°C) and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) are recommended to avoid cold cracking and ensure the integrity of welded joints.
What is the main application of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1?
It is widely used in manufacturing pressure vessels, boilers, heat exchangers, and reactor components in oil, gas, petrochemical, and power generation industries, adapting to high-temperature operations.
What is the melting point of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1?
Its melting point ranges from 1455°C to 1500°C (2651°F to 2732°F), similar to other Cr-Mo low-alloy steels, providing stability in high-temperature processing and service.
Is SA387 Grade 22 Class 1 magnetic?
Yes, it is ferromagnetic due to its iron-based composition. This property allows magnetic particle inspection (MPI) for detecting surface and near-surface defects.
What is the maximum service temperature of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1?
The maximum continuous service temperature of SA387 Grade 22 Class 1 is around 593°C (1100°F). It maintains stable mechanical properties at this temperature, suitable for high-temperature pressure equipment.